Getulio Vargas


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Getulio Vargas


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Getulio Vargas


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CENTENÁRIO DO NASCIMENTO DE GETULIO VARGAS

 

Getulio Dornelles Vargas nasceu no dia 19 de abril de 1883, em São Borja Rio Grande do Sul.

Descendente de tradicional familia gaúcha, tentou, a principio, a carreira militar, decidindo-se, mais tarde, pelo Curso de Direito. Foi eleito Deputado Estadual e, logo depois, Deputado Federal pelo Rio Grande do Sul, tornando-se o lider da bancada do seu Estado no Congresso Nacional.

Escolhido para assumir a pasta da Fazenda no Governo Washington Luis, abdicou deste cargo para disputar o governo do seu Estado. Eleito Presidente do Rio Grande do Sul, constitui um forte movimento de oposição ao governo central, reivindicando o fim da corrupção eleitoral atraves da adoção do voto secreto e universal.

Apoiado pela Aliança Liberal", Getulio foi candidato à Presidencia da Republica, tendo sido derrotado nas eleições de 1930 pelo candidato da situação, Julio Prestes. Lider da Revolução de 1930, destituiu Washington Luis tornando-se Presidente da República. Uma das reivindicações básicas das oposições era a convocação de uma Assembleia Constituinte. Getúlio, entretanto, não se preocupou em convocar esta eleição. Diante disto, em 1932, os paulistas responderam com a Revolução Constitucionalista que, apesar de derrotada pelas forças do Governo Federal, atingiu os seus objetivos, ja que Getúlio, pressionado pelas circunstancias, convocou eleições para a formação da Assembleia Constituinte que, em 1934, indiretamente o elegeu Presidente da República. Enfrentando varias posições contrarias ao seu governo, Vargas, em 10 de novembro de 1937, criou o Estado Novo que se caracterizou como uma ditadura durante a qual foram tomadas medidas visando a garantir as leis trabalhistas, o salario minimo a garantia no emprego e a Previdencia Social, além da criação das indústrias economicas e da Siderurgia Nacional. Em pleno Estado Novo, teve inicio na Europa a 2nda Guerra Mundial. Assim, no campo da politica externa coube a Vargas declarar guerra ao eixo e ordenar o envio de tropas brasileiras para lutar ao lado dos aliados. A vitoria das nações democráticas comprometeu sobremaneira o regime ditatorial de Vargas que foi derrubado em 1945.

Retornou à vida pública em 1950, e, pelo voto direto e secreto, foi eleito novamente Presidente da Republica. As dificuldades econômicas, por que passava o pais não permitiram que o seu governo transcorresse tranqüilamente. Getulio procurou defender no final do seu mandato, uma politica de cunho nacionalista, isto e, voltada para a defesa das riquezas do palis e menor dependencia estrangeira, e, dentro des ta visão, fundou a Petrobras.

Diante das posições assumidas por seus adversários politicos teve inicio uma crise que culminou com o crime da Rua Toneleiros, onde veio a falecer o major Rubens Vaz. Este fato fez crescer ainda mais a reação contra Vargas e os of iciais generais exigiram o seu afastamento. Getulio ainda tentou uma reunião especial do Ministerio, na madrugada de 23 para 24 de agosto, porem chegou a noticia de que os oficiais mostravam-se irreduzíveis e exigiam a sua renúncia. Incapaz de controlar a situação, Getulio suicidou-se em 24 de agosto de 1954.

 

PROFESSOR LAURYSTON GOMES PEREIRA GUERRA

 

100TH ANNIVERSARY OF GETÚLIO VARGAS

Getulio Dornelles Vargas was born in São Borja, Rio Grande do Sul, on April 19, 1883. Descending from a traditional family of "gaúchos, he embarked on a military career at first, then turning to the study of law. Entering Republican politics, he was elected for the Rio Grande do Sul legislature and later for the House of Representatives, becoming the floor leader of his State in the Congress. He served briefly as Washington Luis Secretary of the Treasury from where he resigned to run for the government of his State. Elected president of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, he constituted a strong movement of opposition against the central government, urging the end of the voting corruption through the adoption of the universal and secret ballot.

Supported by the "Aliança Liberal", Getulio was candidate to the Presidency of the Republic, being defeated in the 1930's elections by Julio Prestes, the government candidate.

Leader of the 1930's Revolution, he overthrew Washington Luis, looking over as President of the Republic. One of the opposition's basic issues was the summoning of a Constituent Assembly. Getulio, however, did not bother to call this assembly, reason why, in 1932 the people from the State of São Paulo started the Constituent Revolution that, although defeated by the federal troops, reached its aims since Getúlio, harassed by the circumstances, convoked the elections for the adoption of the Constituent Assembly which in 1934, indirectly, elected him President of the Republic.

Fighting against strong oppositions to his policies, on November 10, 1937, Vargas seized absolute power through the "Estado Novo" during which he favored the Labor Laws, the minimum wage, the employment stability and the Social Security. He also created the heavy industries such as the iron and steel industry (Companhia Siderurgica Nacional}. During the "Estado Novo" World War II began in Europe. In foreign affairs, Vargas declared war on the Axis sending Brazilian troops to join the Allies. The victory of the democratic nations jeopardized the dictatorial regime of Vargas who was overthrown in 1945. He returned to politics in 1950, and through the free and secret ballot he was re-elected President of the Republic.

His Administration was hampered by the economic crisis that affected the country at that time. Getulio would pursue in the end of his term a nationalist policy turned to the country's natural resources, to a lesser foreigner dependency and, within this scope he founded the PETROBRAS (Brazilian oil).

The positions assumed by his political adversaries led to a crisis which culminated in the crime of "Rua Toneleiros where the Major Rubens Vaz was murdered. This fact aroused a reaction against Vargas and the Army generals demanded his resignation. Getúlio had a last try, calling the ministry special meeting on the eve of August 24, but rumors spread the news that the armed forces officers were inflexible. Feeling himself incapable of maintaining the situation under control, Getulio committed suicide on August 24,1954.

 

CENTENAIRE DE LA NAISSANCE DE GETULIO VARGAS

Getulio Dornelles Vargas est ne le 19 avril 1883 à São Borja, Rio Grande do Sul. Descendant d'une traditionnelle famille figaúchaS il s'est tout d'abord essayé b la carrière militaire avant d'opter par la suite pour des études de droit. D6pute elu ã l'assemblbe de son état, puis deputé fédéral du Rio Grande do Sul, le voiià bientot leader du groupe parlementaire de son état au sein du Congrès National.

Detenteur du portefeuille de l'économie et des finances sous le mandat de Washington Lufs, il y renonce pour disputer le gouvernement de son btat. Elu président du Rio Grande do Syl, il met sur pied un puissant mouvement d'opposition au gouvernement central et reclame qutil soit mis un terme à la corruption electorale par l'instauration du scrutin secret et du suffrage universel.

Appuye par l'Alliance Liberale, Getulio se candidate à la Presidence de la Republique et essuie une défaite lors des elections de 1930 contre le candidat de la majorit6, Julio Prestes.

Leader de la révolution de 1930, il destitue Washington Luis et devient Président de la Republique. A l'époque, la convocation d'une assemblee constituante etait l'un des chevaux de bataille des oppositions. Getúlio, cependant, n'6tait nullement soucieux de convoquer cette élection. En 1932, au vu de la situation, les habitants de l'etat de São Paulo ripostèrent par la R6volution constitutionnaliste qui, bien qu'6touffee par les forces du Gouvernement féderal, atteignit ses objectifs, attendu que Getútio, force par les circonstances, convoqua des elections visant a la formation d'une assemblee constituante qui, par le processus de l'6lection indirecte, l'a elu President de la R6publique en 1934.

Aux prises avec dtinnombrables positions contraires à son gouvernement, Vargas fonda le 10 novembre 1937, I'Etat nouveau qui presenta les caractenstiques d'une dictature au cours de laquelle furent prises des mesures visant a garantir les lois du travail, en plus d'instaurer le salaire minimum, la garantie de l'emploi et la prevoyance sociale, sans compter la crbation de l'industrie lourde et de la siderurgie nationale.

La ssconde guerre mondiale Fclata au beau milieu de l'Etat nouveau. De ce fait, il est revenu ã Vargas, au niveau de la politique exterieure, de declarer la guerre ã l'Axe et d'ordonner l'envoi de troupes brdsiliennes pour lutter aux cotes des allies. La victoire des nations democratiques Xbranla profondement le regime dictatorial de Vargas qui fut renverse en 1945.

Son retour a la vie publique date de 1950 ou, grace au suffrage universel direct et secret, il fut Flu a nouveau President de la Republique.

Les difficultes Fconomiques affectant le pays n'ont pas permis que son mandat se deroule paisiblement. Getúlio s'est attache à defendre, à la fin de son mandat, une politique de caractère nationaliste, autrement dit, tournee vers la defense des richesses du pays et moins dependante de l'6tranger et, dans cette optique, fonda la Petrobrás.

Face aux rFactions de ses adversaires politiques, eclataunecrisedontlepointculminantfutlecrimede la rue "Toneleiros", qui fit une victime: le major Rubens Vaz.


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 Copyright 2012 notice: Please note that most material on this site is copyrighted, if pieces and bits of this site is found in other locations without proper authorization there are happy lawyers that would be glad to contact you. If you would like to use some pictures, contents of this site, please contact author first
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Last updated: 12/22/11.


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 Copyright 2012 notice: Please note that most material on this site is copyrighted, if pieces and bits of this site is found in other locations without proper authorization there are happy lawyers that would be glad to contact you. If you would like to use some pictures, contents of this site, please contact author first
For problems or questions and advertising regarding this Web site contact email vivabrazil.
Last updated: 12/22/11.


Home | Brazilian Regions | This is Brazil | What is new | Search Help | Contact Information

 Copyright 2012 notice: Please note that most material on this site is copyrighted, if pieces and bits of this site is found in other locations without proper authorization there are happy lawyers that would be glad to contact you. If you would like to use some pictures, contents of this site, please contact author first
For problems or questions and advertising regarding this Web site contact email vivabrazil.
Last updated: 12/22/11.


Home | Brazilian Regions | This is Brazil | What is new | Search Help | Contact Information

 Copyright 2012 notice: Please note that most material on this site is copyrighted, if pieces and bits of this site is found in other locations without proper authorization there are happy lawyers that would be glad to contact you. If you would like to use some pictures, contents of this site, please contact author first
For problems or questions and advertising regarding this Web site contact email vivabrazil.
Last updated: 12/26/11.