Anisio Teixeira


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CENTENÁRIO DO NASCIMENTO DE ANÍSIO TEIXEIRA

 

Anísio Spínola Teixeira, um dos maiores educadores brasileiros, nasceu em Caetité, cidade do sertão da Bahia, em 12 de julho de 1900.

Formou-se em Direito no Rio de Janeiro, em 1922 e, voltando àBahia, foi convidado pelo Governador Góes Calmon (1924-1928) a assumir o cargo de Inspetor Geral de Ensino, iniciando, assim, sua trajetória de educador e administrador público. Em 1928, viaja aos Estados Unidos para aprofundar seus estudos no campo educacional no Teachers College da Universidade de Columbia, Nova York, onde recebeu o título de Master of Arts e se familiarizou com o pensamento pedagógico de John Dewey.

Em 1931, o prefeito Pedro Ernesto indica seu nome para Diretor-Geral da Instrução Pública e depois Secretário de Educação e Cultura do Distrito Federal. Ali realizou uma obra renovadora, desde a educação pré-primária à universidade, criando a Universidade do Distrito Federal (UDF), uma experiência que marcou, até os dias atuais. a história do Ensino Superior brasileiro. Em 1932, foi um dos signatários do Manifesto dos Pioneiros da Educação Nova.

Deixando o cargo em 1935, devido às pressões políticas de então, passou a se dedicar a atividades comerciais, até ser chamado, em 1946, por Julian Huxley, primeiro Diretor-Geral da UNESCO, para ser consultor geral daquela organização.

Em 1947, aceitou convite do Governador Otávio Mangabeira para exercer o cargo de Secretário de Educação e Saúde da Bahia. Nesse período (1947-1 951) realizou uma obra extraordinária, elaborando o capítulo de educação da Constituição Estadual, que previa uma completa descentralização dos serviços de educação, sugerindo a criação do Conselho de Educação e Cultura e dos Conselhos Municipais de Ensino, além de um fundo de educação que propiciaria recursos para o ensino primário. Ainda nessa gestão, concebe e implanta em Salvador o Centro Educacional Carneiro Ribeiro, mais conhecido como Escola Parque uma experiência inédita no Brasil no campo do ensino primário em tempo integral.

Em 1951, assume no plano federal a Secretaria Geral da Campanha Nacional de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), que realizou extenso aperfeiçoamento de pessoal universitário e, em 1952, a direção do Instituto Nacional de Estudos Pedagógicos (INEP), quando cria o Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Educacionais (CBPE) e organiza uma rede de Centros Regionais voltados para levantamentos e pesquisas na matéria. No final da década de 50, por ocasião dos debates no Congresso Nacional sobre o projeto da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação, lidera a campanha em defesa da Escola Pública, participando das articulações para que esse projeto privilegiasse o sistema público de ensino. Já na década de 60, participa, juntamente com Darcy Ribeiro, da criação da Universidade de Brasília, vindo a ser seu segundo reitor (1962-1 964).

O golpe militar de 1964 afasta Anísio Teixeira de suas funções públicas. A partir de 1964, é professor visitante em várias universidades norte-americanas e se dedica à publicação e reedição de seus livros, vindo a falecer no Rio de Janeiro, em março de 1971.

Ao lado dessa intensa atividade de adminsitrador, escreveu vários livros como: Educação Progressiva, Educação para a Democracia, Educação e a Crise Brasileira, Educação não é Privilégio, Educação éum Direito e Educação no Brasil. Nessas publicações, propugnou pela renovação do sistema educacional brasileiro, em bases democráticas e atendendo à formação das classes menos favorecidas. Anísio Teixeira deixa, assim, sua marca como pensador e político da Educação.

 Alberto Venancio Filho Membro da Academia Brasileira de Letras

BIRTH CENTENNIAL OF ANISIO TEIXEIRA

 

Anísio Spínola Teixeira, one of the greatest Brazilian educators, was born in Caetité, a town located in the backlands of Bahia State, on July 12, 1900.

In 1922, he graduated in Law in Rio de Janeiro and, back in Bahia, was invited by Governor Góes Calmon (1924-1928) to take the position of Inspector- General of Education, beginning, then, his career of educator and public administrator. In 1928, he traveled to the United States to continue his studies in the educational field at the Teachers College of the University of Columbia, New York, where he was granted the title of Master of Arts and became familiar with John Dewey’s pedagogical thought.

In 1931, the mayor Pedro Ernesto nominates him General Director of Public Education and later Education and Culture Secretary of the Federal District. During his term of office, he accomplished a work of educational renovation, from kindergarten to university education, with the creation of the University of the Federal District (UDF), an experience that marked the history of Superior Education in Brazil. In 1932, he was one of the supporters of the Manifest of New Education Pioneers.

After giving up his position in 1935, due to the political pressures of that time, he devoted his attention to commercial activities, until he was called, in 1946, by Julian Huxley, first General Director of the UNESCO, to be an educational consultant at that organization.

In 1947, he accepted the invitation of Governor Otávio Mangabeira to assume the position of Education and Health Secretary of the Bahia State. During that period (1 947-1 951), he did an extraordinary job, writing the chapter on education of the constitution of Bahia state, which favored a complete decentralization of educational services, suggesting the creation of education and culture councils and local education councils, besides an education fund to finance elementary education. Also during his term, he conceived and implanted the Carneiro Ribeiro Educational Center, also known as Park School, in Salvador an experience without precedents in Brazil in the field of full-board elementary education.

In 1951, he assumed the General Secretariat of the National Campaign for the Improvement of University Level Human Resources (CAPES), responsible for extensive improvement of university students. In 1952, the took the command of the National Institute of Pedagogical Studies (INEP), when he created the Brazilian Educational Research Center (CBPE) and organized a network of Regional Centers devoted to surveys and researches on the matter. By the end of the 1950s, amidst the debates held at the National Congress regarding the project of the Law of Bases and Guidelines for Education, he led the campaign for the Public School, and took part in the project’s discussions, with the purpose of making sure that it would be favorable to the public education system. In the 1960s, he participated in the foundation of the University of Brasilia with Darcy Ribeiro, and came to be its second rector (1 962-1 964).

The military coup d’état of 1964 forces Anísio Teixeira to leave his public functions. From 1964 on, he was a guest professor at many American universities and dedicated to the publishing and re-editing of his books. He died in Rio de Janeiro, in March 1971.

Along this intense administrator’s career, he wrote several books, such as: Progressive Education, Education for Democracy, Education and the Brazilian Crisis, Education is not a Privilege, Education is a Right and Education in Brazil. With these publications, he defended the renewal of the Brazilian educational system in democratic bases, in order to supply the educational background of the less favored classes. Anísio Teixeira left, above, his mark as Education thinker and politician.


 

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 Copyright 2012 notice: Please note that most material on this site is copyrighted, if pieces and bits of this site is found in other locations without proper authorization there are happy lawyers that would be glad to contact you. If you would like to use some pictures, contents of this site, please contact author first
For problems or questions and advertising regarding this Web site contact email vivabrazil.
Last updated: 12/22/11.


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 Copyright 2012 notice: Please note that most material on this site is copyrighted, if pieces and bits of this site is found in other locations without proper authorization there are happy lawyers that would be glad to contact you. If you would like to use some pictures, contents of this site, please contact author first
For problems or questions and advertising regarding this Web site contact email vivabrazil.
Last updated: 12/22/11.


Home | Brazilian Regions | This is Brazil | What is new | Search Help | Contact Information

 Copyright 2012 notice: Please note that most material on this site is copyrighted, if pieces and bits of this site is found in other locations without proper authorization there are happy lawyers that would be glad to contact you. If you would like to use some pictures, contents of this site, please contact author first
For problems or questions and advertising regarding this Web site contact email vivabrazil.
Last updated: 12/26/11.